Top Waterproof Watches for Surfing Enthusiasts
Intro
In a world where adventure and the call of the ocean beckon, the quest for a reliable waterproof watch becomes paramount for surfers. Time is not just a measure of hours and minutes; it becomes a companion that withstands the salt spray and the intense sun, reminding you when it’s time to catch that perfect wave.
Waterproof watches have evolved, not merely to tell the time, but to serve as robust instruments designed to endure the toughest marine conditions. Whether you are a seasoned surfer riding the waves or a novice soaking in the ocean's embrace, understanding the elements that make up an excellent waterproof watch can significantly enhance your surfing experience.
This article explores the myriad features, functionalities, and the top brands crafting timepieces suitable for surf culture. Emphasizing durability without sacrificing style, the following sections aim to assist you in making well-informed decisions. From design elements that facilitate water resistance to advanced technologies that keep you connected while you ride the waves, we delve into the essentials of selecting the best waterproof watch for your needs.
To kick things off, let's explore the notable features you should be on the lookout for in a waterproof watch. These elements can make a world of difference when faced with your next surfing session.
Key Features of Waterproof Watches
When choosing a waterproof watch, it’s crucial to consider the following elements:
- Water Resistance Rating: Look for a watch with a water resistance rating of at least 100 meters to withstand the rigors of marine environments.
- Material Durability: Technologies such as silicone or stainless steel can enhance resilience against saltwater corrosion.
- Visibility: A watch must be easy to read in bright sunlight; look for features like luminous hands or contrast dials.
- Chronograph Functions: These can help track time intervals for better performance insights during surf sessions.
- Comfort and Fit: Since you’ll be wearing it during activities, a comfortable strap is non-negotiable.
Top Brands to Consider
Over the years, several brands have established themselves as leaders in creating reliable waterproof watches for surfers. Among these, notable mentions include:
- Citizen
- Seiko
- Casio G-Shock
- Suunto
- Garmin
Each of these brands has unique offerings tailored for those who appreciate both functionality and style while navigating the waves.
This comprehensive guide will delve deeper into each of these elements, providing comparisons among different models and even insights into what makes each brand stand out in the surf community. The following sections will guide you through further evaluations, leading to a well-rounded understanding of how to find the perfect waterproof watch for your surf excursions.
Understanding Waterproof Ratings
Choosing the right waterproof watch is crucial for anyone who enjoys surfing, water sports, or just loves spending time near the ocean. It’s not just a display of style but a practical necessity that ensures reliability in wet conditions. Understanding the waterproof ratings helps consumers make informed decisions when selecting a watch that meets their needs. Misunderstanding these ratings can lead to disappointment, or worse, damage to the precious timepiece.
Fundamental Concepts of Waterproofing
Waterproofing isn’t just about keeping water out; it's about ensuring the timepiece can survive exposure to moisture, whether from splashes, rain, or full submersion. A waterproof watch undergoes various tests to determine how long it can withstand water pressure under certain conditions. For a surfer or someone immersed in marine environments, knowing these foundational concepts is vital.
A common term associated with waterproof watches is "water resistance", referring to a watch's ability to withstand some degree of water exposure. However, it’s vital to remember that no watch is completely impervious to water, despite the marketing jargon. Knowing the limits of a watch's capabilities can mean the difference between a perfectly functioning device and a ruined investment. The fundamental aspects of waterproofing include how a watch is sealed, what materials are used, and the level of environmental stress it can withstand.
Common Waterproof Ratings Explained
Water Resistance vs. Waterproof
One of the most confusing discussions among potential buyers is the distinction between "water resistance" and "waterproof." In practical terms, "water resistance" implies a limit. A watch labeled as such can handle certain levels of moisture but may not survive a deep-sea expedition. On the other hand, some brands tout their products as "waterproof," yet the term can be misleading since all watches have thresholds past which serious water damage can occur.
For surfing enthusiasts, a water-resistant watch is often sufficient for casual use. However, if one intends to dive beneath the surface or engage in prolonged water activities, a deeper level of protection is worth seeking. Therefore, understanding these terms helps avoid the disappointment of a ruined watch during a spirited surf session.
ATM Ratings and Their Implications
ATM (Atmosphere) ratings represent the maximum pressure a watch can handle. Each ATM roughly translates into ten meters of water depth. Thus, a 5 ATM rating indicates the watch can handle splashes and brief immersion but is not suitable for serious diving.
This rating is especially beneficial for surfers, as it showcases the durability of the watch for intense water movements. However, it’s wise to be cautious of claims that oversell a product. Checking the ATM rating ensures one selects a watch that can handle the ocean’s unpredictability while surfing.
Diving vs. Surface Water Use
Understanding the distinction between diving and surface water use is essential for selecting the right waterproof watch. Diving watches are built to endure extensive underwater conditions, featuring superior seals and often helium release valves for saturation diving.
Conversely, a watch designed for surface use might struggle during deep dives, even if labeled waterproof. This awareness plays a critical role in navigating through the diverse range of options available in the market. Selecting a timepiece presented as a diving model promises performance even under extreme pressure, a must-have characteristic for serious surfers. Thus, while diving timepieces may be a bit pricier, they also offer greater peace of mind when immersed in a challenging surf environment.
Understanding these waterproof ratings and characteristics ensures that you invest in a watch that aligns with your activities, particularly in harsh marine conditions. Making an informed choice can greatly enhance the experience, ensuring that your timepiece remains a reliable companion in the waves.
Key Features of Waterproof Watches
When it comes to the world of waterproof watches, understanding key features is vital. These timepieces are not merely timekeeping devices; they are specially designed to withstand various aquatic environments, making them essential for surfers and marine adventurers. Key attributes such as materials, movement types, and the general build play significant roles in ensuring the longevity and reliability of these watches.
Materials and Construction
Case Materials
The case of a waterproof watch serves as its first line of defense against the elements. Common materials used include stainless steel, titanium, and plastic composites. Stainless steel is well-known for its strength and resistance to corrosion, especially in saline environments. It holds its own against everyday abuse without easily showing wear. Titanium, on the other hand, is light but tougher than steel, making it a popular choice for those who value weight and durability. However, it can carry a heftier price tag compared to its stainless counterpart.
Plastic composites, while perhaps not as robust as metal cases, provide an appeal due to their lightweight and more budget-friendly nature. They often come in vibrant designs for those who prefer flair over the standard metallic look. However, they may lack the long-term durability many seek in a surf environment.
Crystal Choices
The crystal, which protects the watch face, plays a crucial role in visibility and clarity under various conditions. Sapphire crystal is the gold standard in watchmaking, known for its scratch-resistant surface. It's particularly beneficial for surfers who may encounter rough and tumble while riding the waves. Its primary drawback is its cost, which might put a dent in the budget for some.
Mineral glass is a more commonly used option that offers decent resistance to scratches but can chip or crack more easily than sapphire. However, given its affordability, many manufacturers prefer it for entry-level models. The goal here is to balance durability and price while ensuring the wearer can easily read their timepiece whether basking in sunlight or submerged in water.
Strap Durability
Strap durability is another critical factor to consider. Straps made from silicone or rubber are popular among surfers for their comfortable fit and resistance to moisture. They are flexible and handle saltwater exposure well, ensuring they do not break down as quickly as leather straps might. While leather may offer a classic aesthetic, it doesn’t fare well in wet conditions, which could turn a beautifully crafted watch into a soggy mess.
Metal bands can also be a solid choice; however, they may feel heavier on the wrist and require more maintenance to avoid rust. Ultimately, the choice of strap should reflect both style preferences and functionality, ensuring that the watch stays secure even during the motion of surfing.
Movement Types
Quartz Mechanisms
At the heart of many waterproof watches lies the quartz mechanism, a popular choice for its precision and low maintenance needs. Quartz watches are known for their ability to keep accurate time, regardless of whether you're in the water or on land. The battery-powered movement means you won't have to worry about winding the watch, making it an appealing option for surfers on the go.
While some connoisseurs might debate the craftsmanship of quartz versus automatic movements, the reliability of quartz should not be dismissed. Furthermore, replacement labor for battery changes is often less costly compared to servicing automatic watches, making quartz a sound investment.
Automatic Movements
Automatic movements are an intriguing alternative for those who appreciate horology. These timepieces wind themselves using the motion of the wearer's wrist, which is both a mechanical marvel and a point of pride for many watch enthusiasts. For surfers, an automatic watch can provide a certain charm, integrating engineering with practicality.
However, a major consideration is that they require movement to stay wound; thus, if they aren’t worn regularly, they may need resetting, which can be tedious during busy surf seasons. Additionally, automatic watches generally come with a heftier price tag, making it a luxury choice for some.
Smartwatch Features
In recent years, smartwatches have emerged as viable contenders in the waterproof category. These devices offer features such as fitness tracking, GPS navigation, and notifications, making them incredibly popular among tech-savvy surfers. The appeal of having a miniaturized hub on your wrist can’t be underestimated.
However, it’s crucial to consider battery life and potential vulnerabilities that come with routing power-intensive features through water-resistant enclosures. While many brands are upping their game by making devices more robust, the technology can sometimes lag behind purely mechanical watches in terms of durability when faced with ocean conditions.
"Choosing the right waterproof watch boils down to understanding its core features and making a choice that harmonizes with your lifestyle and needs."
In summary, when selecting a waterproof watch, focusing on materials, movement types, and strap durability will certainly guide surfers and marine adventurers in finding a reliable companion for their aquatic escapades. The intersection of functionality and style is paramount, ensuring that watch wearers can enjoy their surf sessions without a worry in the world.
Leading Brands in Waterproof Watches
When it comes to choosing a waterproof watch, brand reputation often plays a crucial role. Established brands have put years into engineering robust timepieces that tackle the water's challenges effectively. Different brands bring unique offerings, from stylish designs to advanced durability techniques. Therefore, understanding the landscape of leading brands ensures that surfers can make informed decisions tailored to their preferences and needs. Reliable brands not only provide a guarantee of quality but also often have customer support that can assist with maintenance and repairs.
Rolex
Iconic Models
Rolex watches have long been synonymous with luxury and durability. Their iconic models, such as the Rolex Submariner, are made for underwater adventures, boasting both a rich heritage and cutting-edge technology. A key characteristic of these models is their exquisite craftsmanship, which stands out in the world of horology. The benefit of investing in an iconic Rolex lies not just in its aesthetic appeal but also its reliability in extreme conditions. The Submariner, designed to withstand depths of up to 300 meters, is a prime example of this prowess.
However, there can be a downside. The weight of a Rolex, while contributing to its premium feel, might be cumbersome for some surfers looking for lightweight options. The investment, although significant, usually pays off in longevity, but buyers should consider the full weight of their choices.
Technical Innovations
Rolex’s commitment to technical innovation has defined its standing in the watch community. The company is continually pushing the boundaries of what's possible in waterproofing technology. One of the standout innovations is the Triplock crown system, which enhances water resistance significantly beyond standard levels. This design ensures that even during deep dives, the watch maintains its integrity.
Nevertheless, while these innovations are groundbreaking, they also come at a premium price. That might put off some potential surfers seeking a watch that balances performance with cost.
Seiko
Affordability and Quality
Seiko strikes a fantastic balance between affordability and quality. Especially attractive for surfers who wish to invest without breaking the bank, Seiko timepieces offer numerous features and styles. The Seiko Prospex line, renowned for its durability, encapsulates this balance. With robust construction and reliable movements, these watches serve both casual beachgoers and serious surfers alike.
The affordability makes it a popular choice; you can grab a reliable watch without spending a fortune, but the unique analog features can require some time to get accustomed to. Depending on the features selected, some models might still feel a bit basic compared to their pricier counterparts, but that’s a trade-off many are willing to make.
Popular Lines
Seiko also boasts several popular lines that cater to different needs, such as the divers’ watches that handle saltwater wonderfully. The Seiko Turtle is a notable entry—famed for its comfortable fit and excellent legibility under the water surface. The market recognizes its rugged appeal, making it a valuable asset for any surf enthusiast.
The drawback? While Seiko continues to innovate, its design doesn't stray too far from classic styles, which might not appeal to everyone. Still, the brand’s reliability underpins its popularity in the surf community.
Casio
Features of G-Shock
Casio's G-Shock series has become iconic when talking waterproof watches. Known for its toughness, the G-Shock line seems to thrive in extreme environments—from rugged mountains to intense surf. The key characteristic here is their shock resistance combined with excellent water resistance, making them an ideal choice for adventurous spirits.
Something unique about G-Shock watches is their multifunctionality. They not only serve as a reliable timepiece but also come with features like altimeters, barometers, and even GPS. This multi-purpose nature is a tremendous asset for those who find thrill both in water and land. However, the size and bulkiness of some models might not be for everyone.
Special Editions
Casio also creates special edition G-Shock watches to commemorate various events or collaborations. These models frequently offer vibrant designs and distinctive features that resonate well with collectors and surfers alike. The vibrant hues not only appeal visually but can also carry certain situational advantages, like heightened visibility in turbulent waters.
However, the catch is that while collectors love these limited editions, they aren't always geared towards performance enhancements. Those looking for pure functionality might find some of these models lacking in relevant technical features.
Citizen
Eco-Drive Technology
Citizen’s Eco-Drive technology deserves a spotlight for its innovative approach to timekeeping. Powered by light—be it natural or artificial—this technology eliminates the need for battery changes, which is particularly beneficial for surfers constantly out in the sun. The key characteristic here is sustainability combined with unrivaled convenience. Not having to worry about changing a battery means less maintenance and prolonged lifespan.
This unique feature allows for a seamless experience while surfing or beaching. However, depending solely on light might mean loss of power in dark situations, a point to think about when selecting this brand for rough waters.
Water Resistance Levels
Citizen watches are engineered with varying water resistance levels. Many models feature ratings that accommodate everything from a few meters to deep dives making them versatile for a host of aquatic activities. For example, the Citizen Aqualand series has impressive ratings and is laden with features tailored for divers.
The drawback is that some models lack a sophisticated aesthetic, which might turn off style-conscious surfers. Still, when it comes down to robustness and reliability, Citizen commands a strong presence in the market.
In summary, when navigating through the plethora of brands, established names like Rolex, Seiko, Casio, and Citizen each present compelling value propositions for surfers. By evaluating their unique features, you can find the right waterproof watch to accompany your ocean adventures.
Performance in Surf Conditions
When it comes to surfing, having a reliable watch can be just as essential as your surfboard. The performance in surf conditions focuses on how well a watch can endure the salty ocean environment. This includes dealing with salt water, exposure to UV radiation, and the ability to function under extreme conditions. Surfers need timepieces that can not only tell time but also stand up to the challenges posed by the surf.
Impact of Salt Water
Saltwater can wreak havoc on a watch; it's corrosive and can cause internal components to degrade. If a watch isn’t constructed properly, it can lead to a short lifespan. A good waterproof watch should be designed with o-rings, gaskets, and specialized coatings that prevent water from infiltrating the casing. These features help maintain functionality while withstanding the saltwater's assault.
It's wise to consider models made of materials that resist corrosion, like titanium or certain types of steel, when selecting a watch for surfing. After all, nothing is worse than having your watch fail right when you're catching that perfect wave.
Resistance to UV Radiation
While we often think of water when considering waterproof watches, exposure to sunlight is also a significant issue. UV rays can damage rubber seals and degrade certain materials present in some watches. Brands that prioritize UV resistance often incorporate special treatments that enhance the longevity of the watch's exterior. This feature becomes paramount for surfers who are soaking up the sun while waiting for the perfect swell.
In addition, features like anti-reflective coatings can help you see the watch face better in bright sunlight, making it a practical choice for surf conditions.
Navigating Extreme Conditions
When surfing, conditions can change rapidly. You might start in calm waters, only to find yourself in rough waves within minutes. Therefore, it’s crucial to look at how a watch handles –
Pressure Changes Under Water
With increasing depth, pressure increases significantly. Watches for diving or surfing need to be made to resist such pressure changes without compromising performance. A key characteristic of these watches is their ability to maintain accurate time indicators even under high water pressure.
For instance, watches designed for depths over 200 meters generally feature robust construction, making them beneficial for the adventurous surfer. Often, brands will mark these watches with specific ratings, ensuring that buyers know they can withstand the elements.
One unique feature is the helium escape valve found in some dive watches. It's practical for professional divers working at great depths and can be a surprising bonus for dedicated surfers diving deep to retrieve their lost equipment.
Temperature Fluctuations
Temperature changes can also affect a watch’s performance. Surfers often find themselves in warm sun one moment and cool water the next. The ability of a watch to maintain its function across a range of temperatures is crucial. Some models can handle significant fluctuations without affecting the internal mechanisms; this is an essential characteristic to look for.
One aspect to consider is quartz watches, which often handle temperature shifts better than mechanical counterparts. It often comes down to personal choice, but ensuring that your watch can cope with these swings is advantageous for overall performance.
In summary, when choosing a waterproof watch for surfing, look for those with saltwater resistance, UV protection, and the ability to navigate extreme conditions. This can transform your surfing experience, ensuring that you stay in tune with every wave.
User Considerations for Purchase
When shopping for a waterproof watch, particularly for those immersed in surf culture, it’s vital to weigh various factors to ensure the chosen timepiece is up to the task. A wise investment today can mean countless adventures, all while keeping your wrist stylishly adorned. Here, we delve into the aspects that need consideration when selecting the perfect waterproof watch that aligns with individual needs and preferences.
Budgeting for Quality
One of the first steps in the purchasing journey is establishing a budget. Quality often comes with a price tag, but it’s essential to recognize that opting for a watch at the lower end of the price spectrum might compromise durability and functionality. For example, while an affordably priced piece from a less-known brand may seem tempting, it could falter under challenging conditions, leading to disappointment later.
From premium brands like Rolex, which offer timepieces that exemplify luxury and resilience, to brands like Citizen or Seiko, which marry quality with affordability, the market presents various options. Budgeting realistically means assessing how often you’ll use the watch, the conditions it will face, and how much you’re willing to invest for peace of mind during your ocean adventures.
Style vs. Functionality
The age-old battle between style and functionality plays a significant role in the decision-making process. Some surfers might prioritize aesthetics over utility, opting for designs that resonate with their personal aesthetics. However, merging the two can yield the most rewarding results. Look for watches that feature vibrant colors or sleek designs without sacrificing essential functionalities like depth rating or resistance to saltwater damage.
A combination of style and usability can enrich the surfing experience, as it allows individuals to showcase their personality while ensuring their timepiece can seamlessly handle the rigors of marine environments. A surf watch, like the Casio G-Shock, delivers rugged durability alongside eye-catching designs, striking that balance.
Long-term Maintenance
Maintaining your waterproof watch ensures its longevity and reliability. There are specific areas to consider in this maintenance routine, such as regular cleaning, battery changes, and software updates for smartwatches. Keeping track of these maintenance requirements allows users to uphold their watch’s performance.
Regular Cleaning
Regular cleaning is crucial for preserving a watch's integrity, particularly for those users often in saltwater or sandy environments. Salt and sand can cause wear, leading to scratches on the crystal or corroding metal components. Gentle cleaning with mild soap and freshwater after every surf session can significantly prolong the life of your watch. It’s a straightforward yet effective practice that helps ensure everything runs smoothly and looks sharp.
Battery Changes
For quartz watches, battery changes can be a necessary aspect of long-term care. No one wants to find themselves without a fully functional watch at the beach. Generally, it’s wise to have the battery replaced every couple of years, especially if you notice the watch losing time or ceasing to function altogether. Using authorized service centers for replacements is a popular choice, as it helps maintain the watch’s warranty and overall quality.
Software Updates for Smartwatches
As technology evolves, so do diagnostic and functional capabilities of smartwatches. Regular software updates are pivotal for performance optimizations and introducing new features that enhance user experience. Have a smartwatch? Be sure to stay updated, as missed updates can lead to glitches or missing functionalities that could enhance your surfing experience.
"Regular attention to maintenance will keep your watch ticking like clockwork while you ride the waves."
Real-life Experiences of Users
In the quest for the best waterproof watches, hearing from those who have put these timepieces to the test in real-world conditions is invaluable. User experiences offer a detailed look into the durability, functionality, and overall performance of waterproof watches, especially for those who enjoy the ocean's embrace. These first-hand accounts can demystify technical jargon and specifications, allowing potential buyers to relate features to actual use.
Real-life experiences can highlight several essential elements:
- Reliability: Users share when their watches have performed well — or faltered — under various aquatic conditions, from beach outings to challenging surf days.
- Practical Insights: Such narratives often reveal day-to-day usability. For example, how easy is it to read the watch in glaring sunlight? Can the strap withstand saltwater without chafing?
- Long-term Performance: Understanding longevity is critical. User feedback sheds light on whether the watch's promises hold up over months or years.
These personal stories not only enhance the trustworthiness of a product but also assist surfers and outdoor enthusiasts in making informed choices. It's one thing to read specs and reviews; it's quite another to hear how a watch fares during an unexpected wipeout or extreme weather.
User Testimonials
Feedback from passionate users provides powerful insights into specific watch models. A user named Alex, a seasoned surfer from Florida, shared his experience with the Seiko Prospex Diver's watch. "I’ve taken my Seiko into waters I wouldn’t normally recommend, but it's always kept ticking and looking sharp, no matter how much saltwater it has seen. It’s like my trusty sidekick."
On the other hand, Emma, a lifeguard in California, noted the impressive performance of the Rolex Submariner. "I rely on my Rolex to not only keep me on schedule but to stand firm against the elements. Color and clarity have remained dazzling after multiple seasons in the sun and sand. It just feels good to wear something built to last."
These testimonials echo a shared sentiment among users: the right wristwatch can significantly enhance one’s ocean adventures and day-to-day experiences. The emotional connection formed between users and their watches is often profound, signaling reliability, adventure, and personal style.
Expert Recommendations
Turning to experts for recommendations can provide an additional layer of credibility. Industry insiders — whether they are watchmakers, brand representatives, or seasoned surfers proficient in gear selection — offer insights shaped by experience and knowledge.
When asked about dependable timepieces for ocean environments, renowned athletes like Laird Hamilton highlight brands that marry performance with longevity. Hamilton often recommends the Citizen Eco-Drive Promaster, praised for its rechargeable battery and light-powered technology, reducing the hassle of regular battery replacements while maintaining high water resistance.
Meanwhile, watch industry experts like those at Hodinkee magazine point towards brands like Tissot for affordable yet robust options. Their T-Race watch line balances functionality and affordability, making it an appealing choice for surfers who need a reliable watch without draining their wallets.
In summary, real-life experiences from users and expert recommendations create a comprehensive landscape for potential buyers. They empower surfers, instructors, beach lifeguards, and outdoor writers to make educated decisions when it comes to selecting a waterproof watch that will withstand the test of time — and tide.
Final Thoughts
In the quest to find the perfect waterproof watch tailored for surfers and adventurers, it’s essential to consider several factors that influence both performance and personal preference. This section serves as the culmination of our exploration into waterproof watches, emphasizing the key considerations that can guide your purchasing decisions. Understanding these elements can make all the difference between a watch that withstands the rigors of ocean life and one that falters under pressure.
Waterproof watches represent not just practicality but a significant investment in your adventures, ensuring you stay connected to time while immersed in the sea. The importance of waterproof ratings cannot be overstated, as they inform you of how deep you can dive, how long you can surf, and how much water exposure your watch can endure without compromising its functionality.
Key Takeaways
- Choose Based on Activity: Pick your watch considering the type of water activities you engage in. Whether you need something for casual beach outings or deep diving, matching your watch to your activity is essential.
- Understand Ratings: Familiarize yourself with ATM ratings and what they mean in practical terms to avoid misunderstandings about water resistance. Knowing how to read these specifications can save you from costly mistakes.
- Balance Style and Functionality: Look for watches that are not only rugged but also aesthetically pleasing, as you want to wear something that fits your style amid the surf and sand.
- Regular Maintenance Matters: A waterproof watch can only sustain its functionality if properly maintained. Regular checks and cleaning, along with timely battery replacements for quartz mechanisms, go a long way in prolonging the watch's life.
Future Trends in Waterproof Watches
As technology advances, so too does the landscape of waterproof watches. Emerging trends indicate a shift toward more innovative designs that cater to the specific needs of aquatic adventures. Smartwatch capabilities are being integrated into traditional waterproof designs, allowing for features like GPS tracking, health monitoring, and even tide notifications. Such innovations not only enhance utility but also provide surfers with important information right on their wrist.
The increasing demand for sustainability also influences future designs. Brands are exploring eco-friendly materials and manufacturing processes, embracing the ethos of environmental responsibility that resonates with many water enthusiasts today.
"Understanding the future of waterproof watches means not just keeping time but also staying in tune with the changing tides of technology and sustainability."
In summary, staying informed about these trends can significantly impact your purchasing choices, and it's something that every surfer, lifeguard, or marine biologist should consider.
By grasping these elements discussed in our article, you can make an educated decision on which waterproof watch will best suit your lifestyle and activities, weathering the waves both in and out of the water.
